Encoding the State of Integrated Circuits: a Proactive and Reactive Protection against Hardware Trojans Horses
Résumé
Hardware Trojan Horses (HTH) are a serious threat to semiconductor industry with significant economic impact. However, most of the research in HTH focuses on detection. We propose the concept of " encoded circuit " , as a technique to protect HTH insertion. Encoded circuit is based on the theory of codes. It encodes the internal state with a chosen code of security parameter d, such that knowledge of less than d bits of the encoded state reveals no information about the actual state. This parameter stems from a similar notion introduced by Ishai, Sahai and Wagner at CRYPTO 2003 for the prevention of probing attacks. Usually d < 10 in probing attacks, whereas HTH are able to connect to more than 10 nets. In this paper, we discuss the theory behind " encoded circuits " and its practical demonstration on various HDL circuits.
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